8 Recession-Proof Careers to Consider

The economy is often in flux, and we continue to see international events that can increase the effects of economic turmoil. 

When a recession does come around, not every industry necessarily feels the weight of it. If you’re considering changing careers and job stability is a big priority for you, these recession-proof career paths may be worth considering.

What Exactly Is a Recession?

A recession is a period of economic downturn characterized by a significant and sustained decline in economic activity. As defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth. This decline is typically measured by factors such as a decrease in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), rising unemployment rates, reduced consumer spending, and a slowdown in business activities. 

In simpler terms: a recession means the economy isn't doing well. People may lose their jobs, businesses may struggle, and overall, there's less money circulating in the economy. Recessions can vary in severity, but they generally result in tough economic times for individuals, businesses, and the country as a whole.

What Does It Mean for a Job to Be “Recession Proof”?

The idea of "recession-proof jobs" is often discussed during economic uncertainty. Though some jobs tend to remain in demand when the economy faces challenges, it's essential to remember that no job is entirely immune to a recession.

That said, “recession-proof jobs” tend to share these common traits:

• Universal Need: They cater to something everyone needs like healthcare, education, and utilities.
• Essential Services: They provide critical services like childcare, social assistance, electrical work, auto repair, and public transportation.
• Public Necessity: They address vital public needs, including law enforcement, paramedics, and firefighting.
• Support for Major Industries: They support large companies or major sectors like IT, finance, and pharmaceuticals.
• Save Time: They expedite fundamental services, like couriers and taxi drivers.
• Maintain Infrastructure: They fix things like cars, appliances, and infrastructure.

8 Best Recession-Proof Careers

Let’s take a closer look at some of the most recession-proof careers and industries you might consider entering for job stability.

1. Software Engineering, Developing, Programming

Although there have been a small handful of layoffs in tech, software engineers, web developers, and other programmers are often spared from layoffs. The existing talent pool for software engineers is small enough as it is, and companies regularly scramble to hire viable candidates.

Plus, as technology and the world’s dependence on it grows, software engineering will likely remain stable during a recession. Organizations will prioritize keeping these employees on board to build and manage new programs, apps, and offerings.

Below are some additional reasons why software engineering is considered a “recession-proof” career:

• Growing Opportunities: The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a 25% increase in job openings for software developers between 2022 and 2032. This field is versatile, spanning across various industries.
• Accessibility: You don't need a college degree to start a career in software engineering. Bootcamps and tech apprenticeships provide affordable and practical entry points. This makes it an ideal choice, especially during economic uncertainty.
• Remote Work: The nature of software engineering allows for remote work, which can be advantageous during a recession because on-site work may be limited. 
• Continuous Learning: Software engineering is an evolving field that requires continuous learning and adaptation. Engineers who stay up-to-date with the latest skills and technologies tend to have better job security.
• Critical Infrastructure: Software is a critical component of modern infrastructure, including communication networks, transportation systems, and utilities. Maintaining and securing these systems is essential in any economic climate.
• Automation and Efficiency: Businesses often turn to automation during recessions to improve efficiency and reduce operating costs. Software engineers play a crucial role in developing these solutions.
• Long-Term Projects: Many software development projects are long-term initiatives. This can create an added layer of stability for software engineers, making them less affected by short-term economic fluctuations.
• Freelancing and Consulting: Software engineers also have the flexibility to work as freelancers or consultants. This diversification of income sources can help weather economic downturns.

2. Home Trades: HVAC, Refrigeration, Plumbing

Job stability is a given in handyman roles like HVAC, plumbing, and refrigeration. Whether folks own or rent their homes, there will always be a need for these professionals to take care of maintenance issues and keep appliances running as intended. 

Here are some of the reasons you can rely on a career in various home trades:

• Essential Services: Home trades provide essential services such as fixing plumbing issues and other problems that need a quick, professional solution. They work to ensure the safety, comfort, and functionality of residences.
• Aging Infrastructure: Homes and buildings with aging infrastructure require regular upkeep and repairs. This ongoing need for maintenance creates a continuous stream of work for home trade professionals.
• Safety Concerns: Electrical and plumbing issues can pose safety hazards if not addressed promptly. Homeowners and property managers are willing to invest in necessary repairs regardless of the economic climate.
• Varied Skill Sets: Home trade professionals often possess a range of skills within their trade, allowing them to diversify their services. For example, a plumber may also offer HVAC maintenance, which expands their client base.
• Reputation and Referrals: Home trade experts who provide quality work tend to build a good reputation and benefit from word-of-mouth referrals. This helps in creating a steady stream of clients.

3. Healthcare

People still get sick during a recession. Healthcare professionals of all kinds don’t see a downward trend in patient visits during times of economic duress, making them one of the best recession-proof careers. 

There are a wide variety of reasons that healthcare careers are stable during a recession:

• Continuous Demand: Healthcare encompasses a broad range of services, including primary care, specialized care, emergency care, and preventive measures. This diversity ensures a constant demand for healthcare professionals across various specialties.
• Government Funding: Government funding often supports healthcare systems, including public hospitals and clinics. During recessions, governments may increase healthcare spending to ensure access to care, creating job stability in the sector.
• Diverse Roles: Healthcare offers a wide range of career options such as physicians, technicians, pharmacists, administrative staff, and more. This diversity provides numerous job opportunities within the sector.
• Training and Education: Healthcare professions often require extensive training and education. Individuals are less likely to quickly switch to other careers during a recession, which can contribute to job stability.

Additionally, the mental health healthcare sector may see an uptick in patient care due to the emotional toll a recession can take.

So, whether you're considering a career as a therapist, nurse, or any healthcare role, you can likely count on job stability. Healthcare remains a resilient industry, ensuring you'll always have meaningful work to do.

4. Financial Services

For many, a recession may inform their financial plan or upend it entirely. They may rely on financial service professionals to manage money, invest, or find new income streams. Some may even seek out financial planning for the first time as they become more money-conscious in light of the economy. 

Additionally, financial services can offer stable careers due to:

• Essential Services: Financial institutions provide essential services such as banking, insurance, and financial advice. Even during economic downturns, many people need access to these services.
• Risk Management: During recessions, individuals and businesses become more risk-averse and seek expert financial advice. Financial advisors and planners play a crucial role in helping clients navigate uncertain economic times.
• Asset Management: Asset management firms continue to operate during recessions, managing portfolios and investments for clients. Investors often seek professional guidance to protect and grow their assets during turbulent economic times.
• Long-Term Perspective: Many financial services are centered on long-term financial planning, retirement planning, and wealth management. These services remain relevant even when short-term economic conditions are uncertain.

If you have a knack for numbers and enjoy helping people, a career in financial services can be a stable and secure one — even when the economy faces challenges.

5. Public Safety

In uncertain economic times, public safety careers are a rock-solid choice. Even though crime dipped during the last economic downturn, tough times can still drive up crime rates. 

Police officers, firefighters, and EMTs are often some of the most secure professions for the following reasons:

• Essential Services: Public safety careers provide services that are vital to maintaining public safety. These roles are needed regardless of economic conditions.
• Government Funding: Public safety agencies are typically funded by government entities. Because governments prioritize public safety as a fundamental responsibility, funding for these services are often protected during economic downturn.
• Mandatory Staffing Levels: Public safety agencies often have mandatory staffing levels and minimum response times that must always be met, even during recessions.

6. Education

If you're considering a career in education for job stability, you're onto something. In many states, teachers are unionized employees. This means that their union will help protect their jobs during economic downturns, making them a profession with excellent job security.

Here are some other reasons why educators are often protected during economic downturn:

• Mandatory Education: Education is considered a fundamental necessity in society. Regardless of economic conditions, children are legally required to attend school, ensuring a constant need for educators.
• Government Funding: Most education systems are funded by government entities, and public education budgets are typically protected during economic downturns. Governments recognize the importance of maintaining a strong education system for future economic stability.
• Continual Demand: Educational institutions, from elementary schools to universities, continue to enroll students and provide instruction during recessions. As population numbers remain relatively stable, the demand for teachers and educators remains steady.
• Online and Distance Learning: The growth of online learning provides additional opportunities for educators. These platforms may experience increased demand during recessions, as individuals seek flexible and cost-effective education.
• Childcare Services: Early childhood educators and childcare providers offer essential services that enable parents to work. These services are in demand even when parents are facing financial challenges.
• Special Education: Special education professionals work with students who have diverse learning needs. These students usually require tailored education plans, so the need for these services usually remains consistent in a recession.

7. Legal Fields

No matter what's happening with the economy, people will always need legal help. While not all legal jobs are immune to economic ups and downs, some stand strong. 

Here are some of the reasons a legal career might be a good choice to ensure some job stability:

• ​​Essential Services: Legal services are considered essential in maintaining the rule of law and ensuring justice, especially in situations regarding contracts, disputes, and compliance, regardless of economic conditions.
• Debt and Bankruptcy Matters: Economic challenges often result in an increase in debt-related matters and bankruptcy filings. Legal professionals specializing in bankruptcy law and debt resolution are in high demand during these times.
• Criminal Defense: Recessions can lead to an uptick in certain types of crimes, such as property crimes or fraud. Criminal defense attorneys are essential for ensuring fair legal representation during criminal proceedings.
• Compliance and Risk Management: Businesses may require legal professionals to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, manage risks, and navigate financial challenges during a recession.
• Labor and Employment Law: Employment-related legal issues such as layoffs, wage disputes, and workplace safety concerns can become more prevalent during economic downturns. These scenarios require the expertise of labor and employment attorneys.
• Litigation and Dispute Resolution: During a recession, individuals and businesses will likely want to recoup any finacial losses available to them. Thus, legal professionals may see an increase in demand for their litigation and mediation services.

8. Utility Maintenance

Utility workers are the unsung heroes that keep our lives running smoothly. They maintain the functionality of lights, water, and even the internet — things we can't live without. 

That’s just one of the reasons working in utility maintenance can be recession-proof. Other reasons include:

• Essential Services: Utility maintenance professionals provide services that are essential in maintaining the integrity and comfort of homes and buildings. These are things that must be addressed regardless of economic conditions.
• Infrastructure Maintenance: Utility maintenance professionals play a critical role in the upkeep and repair of infrastructure. Without proper maintenance, things like power plants, water treatment facilities, and distribution networks can experience costly failures.
• Safety Concerns: Issues related to utilities, such as electrical or gas leaks, plumbing failures, or heating system malfunctions, can pose serious safety hazards. Timely maintenance and repair are essential to protect public safety.
• Public Health: Water quality and sanitation are fundamental for public health. Utility maintenance workers in water treatment and wastewater management help ensure the safe supply of clean water and the proper disposal of sewage.

So, whether you're versed in general maintenance, working with electricity, managing pipelines, or overseeing utilities, you're in luck. Utility maintenance careers are usually a safe bet. Think of it as keeping the gears of society turning, and you'll always have a place in this essential field.

What Are the Worst Jobs During a Recession?

There are plenty of jobs that are actually at a higher risk of difficulty during a recession. Here are two of the most volatile industries that may suffer in a slow economy.

Leisure & Entertainment

Leisure and entertainment careers tend to be some of the worst to have during a recession for several reasons:

• Discretionary Spending: People often cut back on activities like dining out, going to the movies, or attending concerts during a recession. This reduction in consumer spending can lead to a decrease in demand for leisure and entertainment services.
• Job Instability: Many jobs in the leisure and entertainment industry rely heavily on a steady flow of customers. When consumer spending drops, these industries often experience layoffs, reduced hours, or temporary closures.
• Seasonal and Part-Time Work: A significant portion of jobs in the leisure and entertainment sector are seasonal or part-time, making them less stable to begin with. When a recession hits, employers in these industries may be more inclined to cut these types of roles.
• Variable Income: Workers in the entertainment and leisure fields, such as actors, musicians, and artists, often have variable income dependent on bookings, gigs, or performances. Economic downturns can lead to fewer opportunities, lower pay, and increased competition for the available work.
• Event Cancellations: Large gatherings may be canceled or scaled back during a recession. This happens as a result of reduced budgets and can further limit job opportunities for workers in this sector.
• Reduced Tourism: Reduced tourism can lead to job losses in hotels, restaurants, and local attractions as people cut back on travel and vacations.
  

While there are some exceptions, these careers tend to be among the most vulnerable due to their reliance on consumer spending.

Retail

Shoes, clothing, and cosmetics see fewer sales during a recession, making jobs in this sector particularly vulnerable during an economic downturn. Here are some more reasons careers in retail may be tough to have during a recession:

• Reduction in Consumer Spending: When consumers cut back on discretionary spending, that includes shopping for non-essential items. This leads to decreased foot traffic in retail stores and reduced sales, often resulting in layoffs and reduced working hours for retail employees.
• Temporary and Part-Time Employment: A substantial portion of retail jobs are temporary or part-time positions, which are more vulnerable to cuts during a recession. Retailers may be more inclined to lay off part-time employees or hire fewer seasonal workers during economic downturns.
• Store Closures: Retailers facing financial challenges may choose to close underperforming stores or even file for bankruptcy. When stores shut down, employees lose their jobs, and job opportunities become scarcer.
• E-commerce Competition: The rise of e-commerce has put added pressure on brick-and-mortar retailers during recessions. Online shopping often offers lower prices, convenience, and a wider selection, drawing consumers away from physical stores. This can potentially lead to further job losses in traditional retail.
• Wage Pressure: Retail employees, particularly those in low-wage positions, may face pressure on wages and benefits during economic downturns, as companies seek to reduce operating costs.

Overall, the vulnerability of this sector stems from its close connection to consumer spending patterns and economic fluctuations.

Develop Your Coding Skills With App Academy

By developing your coding skills, you can add a major asset to your toolkit — and your resume. This is especially appealing when it comes to future-proofing yourself and preparing for any changes in the economy. With the coding fundamentals mastered, you can start pursuing secure tech careers like software engineering and web development.

App Academy offers several bootcamp programs where you can learn coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, all of which are great tools to kickstart your career in tech. 

Sign up for a live online info session to learn more, or schedule a 1:1 call with one of our team experts. Start your software engineering career today with App Academy, and see how far you can go!